The labia and vagina are being checked for appropriate estrogen effects, lesions or discharge. A speculum, which is a medical tool for knowing and assessing body cavities, is put in the vagina to evaluate the upper vagina and cervix, and to have a Pap smear.
Cultures may also be screened for sexually transmitted diseases based on age and other factors. An exam is then done on the uterus and ovaries. The well-woman exam is crucial since women need screening for breast and gynecologic cancers and to discuss any preventive and sexually transmitted disease tests. It is also an ideal time for pre-pregnancy counselling.